Sleeping Bags: Select a bag with a comfort rating for the coldest temperatures you expect to encounter. When in doubt, go warmer. Down is the lightest, warmest, and most compressible fill per ounce,. Synthetics are more economical and retain warmth when wet. A sleeping bag is essential for comfort.

A comfort rating identifies the most extreme temperature at which the bag will keep you warm. These ratings are also based on using a sleeping pad under the sleeping bag. Make sure your bag is completely dry. Store it uncompressed in a large breathable sack.

Tents: Choosing a tent depends on a few factors. How many sleepers and how roomy? Capacities assume a snug fit. How severe might conditions get? Convertible and 4-season tents are built to handle snow and wind.

Type of Tents: Backpacking - best in spring, summer and early fall. It should have a screen top, sturdy design and be built for wind.

Convertible - A tent designed to withstand 4-seaon conditions but can be pitched in a 3-season configuration.

Mountaineering - Built for winter and high elevations. It can withstand snow and high winds. It has rounded edges, but has poor ventilation.

Family Base Camping - A spacious shelter with suck luxuries as a porch or awning.

Ultralight Solo - Some are hammocks, some are floorless and some are thin single walls.

Livability Features - Dual doors make easy access, vestibules offer sheltered space for storing gear. Gear attics help keep clutter off the floor. Rainfly vents prevent condensation. Fly windows let in light.